English Refresher

Grammar Resources · Make it click

English grammar that finally clicks.

Grammar isn’t a list of rules to memorise — it’s the set of moves that change what a sentence means. Watch one sentence transform, then come and play with the rest.

30+
Grammar lessons
A2–C2
Every level
Live
Worked examples
0
Boring rules
The Grammar Transformer

Press a button. Watch grammar move.

Same idea, nine different sentences. Switch the tense, flip it to a question or a negative, and see exactly which words do the heavy lifting — the rule rebuilds itself underneath.

She writes a letter.
Structure: subject + verb (+ -s)
Use it for facts, habits and routines.
Sentence
Tense
Form

Like the idea? Every transformation here has a full lesson below — browse the grammar lessons →

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Reference · Flashcards · Game

Irregular Verbs Trainer

The verbs that don't follow the rules — browse them, flip through flashcards, then race the clock to lock them in.

The list

Search any form, or filter by pattern. The colored tag shows how the three forms relate.

BasePast simplePast participlePattern
These power the Past Simple and Past Perfect lessons. The participle is the form you use after have/had and in the passive.
Interactive reference · A2–C1

The English Tense Map

All twelve tenses in one picture. Tap any square to see how it's built, when to use it, and where it sits in time — then test yourself.

Explore the twelve tenses

Three times (present, past, future) across four aspects (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous). Click a square to open it.

Tip for teachers: project this and click through the grid to show how aspect changes meaning across time.

Spot the tense

Six sentences — can you name the tense? Instant scoring and a short explanation for each.

Your score
0 / 6
Answer a question to begin.
Beat the clock · A2 → C2

Grammar Arcade

Ten rapid-fire questions, three lives, and a streak multiplier. Pick your level and see how high you can score.

Choose your level

Answer fast for bonus points — keep a streak going to multiply your score!
Lose a life for a wrong answer or running out of time. Three strikes and the round ends.
Quick reference

The Complete Grammar Map

Every English grammar topic in one place, with a one-line guide to each. Browse by category and jump straight to the full lesson.

01 · The building blocks

Parts of Speech

Overview lesson

Nouns

Words that name people, places, things, and ideas.
CommonProperAbstractConcreteCountableUncountableCollectiveCompound

Pronouns

Words that stand in for nouns, such as he, she, it, and they.
PersonalPossessiveReflexiveRelativeDemonstrativeIndefiniteInterrogativeReciprocal

Adjectives

Words that describe or modify nouns.
DescriptiveQuantitativeDemonstrativePossessiveInterrogativeComparativeSuperlative

Verbs

Words that express actions, states, or occurrences.
ActionLinkingAuxiliaryModalTransitiveIntransitiveRegularIrregularPhrasal

Adverbs

Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
MannerPlaceTimeFrequencyDegree

Prepositions

Words that show relationships of time, place, and direction.
TimePlaceDirectionPrepositional phrases

Conjunctions

Words that join other words, phrases, and clauses.
CoordinatingSubordinatingCorrelative

Interjections

Short exclamations that express sudden emotion, like oh, wow, and ouch.
02 · How sentences are built

Sentence Structure

Subject & Predicate

The two core parts of every sentence: who or what it is about, and what they do.
Simple subjectComplete subjectCompound subjectSimple predicateComplete predicateCompound predicate

Clauses

Word groups with a subject and verb — independent, or dependent on another clause.
IndependentDependentAdjectiveAdverbialNoun

Phrases

Word groups that work as a single unit but lack a subject–verb pair.
NounVerbPrepositionalGerundInfinitiveParticipialAbsolute
03 · The twelve tenses

Verb Tenses

Overview lesson

Simple Tenses

Facts, habits, and completed actions across past, present, and future.

Continuous Tenses

Actions in progress at a particular moment in time.

Perfect Tenses

Actions completed before — or connected to — another point in time.

Perfect Continuous Tenses

Ongoing actions viewed up to a point in time, stressing duration.
04 · Key structures & usage

More Grammar Topics

Articles

The small words a, an, and the that introduce and specify nouns.
The (definite)A / an (indefinite)

Determiners

Words that signal which or how many, such as this, some, and three.
QuantifiersDemonstrativesPossessivesNumbers

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Matching pronouns to the nouns they replace in number and gender.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Making the verb agree with its subject in number and person.

Sentence Types

The four purposes a sentence can serve, from statements to exclamations.
DeclarativeInterrogativeImperativeExclamatory

Active & Passive Voice

Choosing whether the subject performs or receives the action.

Direct & Indirect Speech

Reporting what people say, either word-for-word or paraphrased.

Comparatives & Superlatives

Comparing two or more things with -er/-est and more/most.

Conditional Sentences

If-clauses describing real, unlikely, and hypothetical situations.
ZeroFirstSecondThirdMixed

Modals & Semi-Modals

Verbs like can, must, and should that express attitude and possibility.
Can / couldMay / mightWill / wouldShall / shouldMustOught toNeed / dare

Gerunds & Infinitives

Verb forms (-ing and to + verb) used as nouns and complements.

Relative Clauses

Clauses that add detail about a noun using who, which, or that.

Question Formation

Building yes/no, wh-, and tag questions with the right word order.
Yes / NoWh-Tag

Negation

Making sentences negative with not and other negative words.

Punctuation

The marks that structure writing and make meaning clear.
PeriodCommaSemicolonColonApostropheQuotation marksExclamation pointQuestion markParenthesesHyphenDash

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