English Refresher

A2 · Elementary

Modal Verbs

Can, must, should, could and more — the small verbs that add big meaning: ability, permission, obligation, advice and possibility.

Level: A2 can · must · should · could Play · Practise · Score
The Grammar Transformer

Press a button. Change the meaning.

Modal verbs add meaning — ability, obligation, advice. Swap the modal and the form, and watch the same sentence change what it means.

You can help me.
Structure: subject + modal + base verb
Can = ability or permission. You can help = you are able to, or you are allowed to.

Got the idea? Jump to the practice →

The rules — with examples

The most common modals and their meanings, the form, and the negatives.

Three you’ll use every day

can
ability · permission
I can swim.
Can I go?
must
obligation · necessity
You must stop.
I must go now.
should
advice · a good idea
You should rest.
Should I call?

Watch out: a modal is always followed by the base verb — no to, no -s, no -ed: “She can swim”, never “can to swim” or “cans swim”.

Which modal for which meaning

1
Ability → can / could
I can drive. / She could read at four.
could = past ability
2
Permission / requests → can / could / may
Can I leave? / Could you help?
could / may = more polite
3
Obligation → must / have to
You must wear a seatbelt.
Cue: a rule or necessity
4
Advice → should / ought to
You should see a doctor.
Cue: a good idea

Negatives

can’tcannot (no ability)I can’t come.
mustn’tmust not (don’t do it!)You mustn’t smoke.
shouldn’tshould not (not a good idea)You shouldn’t worry.

More modals & a trap

Common modals
cancouldmaymightmusthave toshouldought towillwould
A key difference: mustn’t = prohibition (don’t do it!), but don’t have to = it’s not necessary (you can choose). “You mustn’t park here” is very different from “You don’t have to park here”.

Possibility & a reminder: use might, may or could for things that are perhaps true (“It might rain” = maybe it will). And modals never change for he/she/it — “He can”, never “He cans”.

Practise & score yourself

Ten quick questions with instant scoring and a short explanation for every answer — especially the ones you get wrong.

Your score
0 / 10
Answer a question to begin.

The one rule to remember

Modal verbs (can, must, should, could, might…) add meaning to a sentence — ability, permission, obligation, advice or possibility. They are always followed by the base verb and never change for he/she/it: “She can swim”, “He must go”.