English Refresher

B1 · Intermediate

Active & Passive Voice

Choose whether to focus on the doer or the action — and see how be + past participle transforms the same event across four different tenses.

Level: B1 Shifting the focus Play · Practise · Score
The Grammar Transformer

Same event. Different focus.

One scenario — editors and a report — across four tenses and three voices. Watch how the subject swaps from doer to receiver when you go passive, and see when to include or drop by the editors.

The article was checked by the editors last night.
Structure:subject (receiver) + was / were + past participle + by + agent
Passive past simple: was / were + past participle. Include by + agent to name who did the action when it adds important information.

Got the pattern? Jump to the practice →

The rules — with examples

How to form the passive across four tenses, when to use it, and whether to include the agent.

The passive across four tenses

TenseActivePassive
Present simple They check the report. The report is checked.
Past simple They checked the report. The report was checked.
Present perfect They have approved it. It has been approved.
Future (will) They will publish it. It will be published.

Three reasons to use the passive

The action matters more than the doer
When the result or the receiver of the action is more important than who performed it — or the doer is unknown or unimportant.
The castle was built in 1250. (who built it is unknown)
Include by + agent when…
Saying who performed the action adds new, relevant information the reader does not already know.
The report was written by the CEO. (that is surprising information)
Drop by + agent when…
The doer is obvious, unknown, or unimportant. Most passive sentences in English do not include the agent.
The windows are cleaned every week.

Include or drop the agent?

Include by + agent

The novel was written by Kafka.

The new law was signed by the president.

Why? The identity of the doer is specific and adds value to the sentence.

Drop the agent

The windows are cleaned every Friday.

The stolen car was found near the river.

Why? Who did it is unknown, obvious, or irrelevant to the meaning.

Passive verb forms at a glance

The four passive structures
is / are + pp — present simple was / were + pp — past simple has / have been + pp — present perfect will be + pp — future by + agent (optional)

Practise & score yourself

Ten questions — five multiple choice, five gap-fill. Instant scoring and a short explanation for every answer.

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The one rule to remember

To form any passive, take the object, make it the subject, and use the right tense of be + past participle. Choose the passive when the action or its result matters more than the doer — and only add by + agent when who did it is actually important.