English Refresher

Reading · CEFR B1 · Unit 8

Small Changes, Big Planet

The news about the environment can feel scary — but we are not helpless. Here's why small actions matter more than you think.

Reading time: ~5 min Level B1 Self-grading quiz below

Before you read

Talk or think about these questions first:

  • What do you already do to help the environment?
  • What is the biggest environmental problem where you live?
  • Write down three ways people can help the planet. Check them as you read.

The news about the environment can feel scary: pollution, plastic, and a warming planet. But here is something important — we are not helpless. Around the world, small changes are adding up to big results, and young people are leading the way.

Hands holding a seedling
Every big change starts with one small action.

The plastic problem

Every year, the world produces around 350 million tonnes of plastic waste. Much of it is "single-use" — a bottle or bag we use once and then throw away. Sadly, between one and two million tonnes of plastic reach the oceans each year, where it harms fish and birds. The good news? Plastic is one of the easiest problems to fight. If everyone carried a reusable bottle and bag, we would throw away far less plastic.

Don't waste food

Here is a surprising fact: around the world, people throw away more than one billion meals every single day. At the same time, millions of people don't have enough to eat. Wasted food is also bad for the climate — it creates about 8–10% of the world's greenhouse gases. If we planned our meals and ate our leftovers, we would save food, money, and the planet.

1 billion+

meals are thrown away every day around the world — while millions of people go hungry.

Solar panels and wind turbine
Clean energy is growing faster than ever before.

Energy is changing

There is real hope, too. The way we make electricity is changing fast. In 2024, more than 40% of the world's electricity came from clean sources like the sun and wind — the highest level in over 80 years. Solar power is now growing faster than any other kind of energy. If more homes and schools used solar panels, our air would be cleaner and our planet healthier.

What if everyone helped?

Imagine if every student in your school made one small change. If everyone recycled, there would be far less waste. If we all used public transport or bikes, the air would be cleaner. If we planted trees, they would absorb carbon dioxide and cool our cities. One person's actions are small — but millions of people together are powerful.

One person's actions are small — but millions of people together are powerful.

Start today

You don't need to be a scientist or a politician to help. You can start today: refuse single-use plastic, save energy at home, waste less food, and tell your friends why it matters. Protecting our planet is not one big action — it is millions of small ones. And it starts with you.

Key vocabulary

pollution
— harmful substances in the air, water, or land.
single-use plastic
— plastic used once and then thrown away.
renewable energy
— energy from sources that don't run out, like sun and wind.
greenhouse gases
— gases that trap heat and warm the planet.
to recycle
— to make used materials into new things.
sustainable
— able to continue without harming the planet.
carbon dioxide (CO2)
— a gas that trees absorb and that adds to warming.

Based on data from the IEA / Ember (clean electricity, 2024), Our World in Data (plastic), and the UN Environment Programme (food waste).

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Now check your understanding

Read, Sort & Review

Answer the questions, sort the actions, and study the flashcards. Tap Check Answers as you go, then Show My Score.

1
Comprehension

Did You Understand?

What to do: Answer using the article. Then tap Check Answers.
1. About how many tonnes of plastic waste does the world produce each year?
2. How many meals are thrown away every day around the world?
3. In 2024, what share of the world's electricity came from clean sources?
4. Which kind of energy is growing faster than any other?
5. According to the article, wasted food…
6. What is the article's main message?
2
Helps / Harms

Sort the Actions

What to do: Does each one help or harm the planet? Tap a card to move it into a box, then tap Check Answers.
Helps the planet
Harms the planet
3
Talk About It

Discussion

What to do: Discuss with a partner or write your own answers. There is no score — share your real opinions.

Questions

  • Which fact in the article surprised you the most?
  • What is one small change you could make this week?
  • Use a second conditional: "If everyone in my town…, we would…"
  • Are you hopeful or worried about the planet's future? Why?
4
Vocabulary

Flashcards

What to do: Tap a card to reveal the meaning and an example. These are the key words for this unit.
pollutionnountap to reveal
harmful substances in the air, water, or land"Cars cause a lot of air pollution."
to recycleverbtap to reveal
to make used materials into new things"We recycle paper, plastic, and glass."
renewable energynountap to reveal
energy from sources that don't run out, like sun and wind"Solar is a type of renewable energy."
a carbon footprintnountap to reveal
the amount of CO2 a person or activity produces"Flying increases your carbon footprint."
sustainableadjectivetap to reveal
able to continue without harming the planet"We need a sustainable way of living."
climate changenountap to reveal
long-term changes in weather caused by human activity"Climate change makes summers hotter."
eco-friendlyadjectivetap to reveal
not harmful to the environment"These bags are eco-friendly."
to reduce wastephrasetap to reveal
to make less rubbish"We can reduce waste by reusing things."
single-use plasticnountap to reveal
plastic used once and then thrown away"Straws are single-use plastic."
to conserveverbtap to reveal
to protect something and use it carefully"We must conserve water and energy."

Tap to see your score on the comprehension and sorting tasks, then show your teacher.

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Score

Your Result

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