Writing Part 1
The Essay
The compulsory essay, decoded: see exactly what the examiner rewards, study an annotated model, then draft your own and send it for personal feedback.
Your exam task
Strategy, tips & common traps
What it tests: your ability to build and support an argument in formal, neutral English.
- Discuss exactly two of the three points — never all three, and never just one.
- Give a clear opinion. The task asks which is more important, so you must take a position and justify it.
- Plan four paragraphs: introduction, point one, point two, conclusion.
- Use the three short opinions as idea-starters — reword them, never copy them.
- Keep a formal register: avoid contractions and very informal vocabulary.
- Aim for 220–260 words and leave two minutes to check your work.
Your class has watched a panel discussion on how individuals can reduce the environmental impact of modern life. You have made the notes below.
Points discussed:
- transport
- food
- technology
Some opinions expressed:
- “People will never give up the convenience of driving.”
- “We throw away so much food without even thinking about it.”
- “New devices become outdated far too quickly.”
Write an essay discussing two of the points in your notes. You should explain which area is more important for reducing environmental impact, providing reasons to support your opinion.
Write 220–260 words.
Annotated model
In an age of growing environmental awareness, the question of where individuals can make the greatest difference has become increasingly urgent. While transport, food, and technology all add to our collective footprint, this essay will argue that our habits around food and electronic devices deserve particular attention.
The amount of food that ends up in the bin is, frankly, alarming. Much of it is discarded not because it has spoiled, but because we buy more than we can realistically consume. Addressing this requires no new technology and no great sacrifice: simply planning meals and respecting expiry dates would cut waste dramatically. For this reason, food strikes me as the area where small changes yield the most immediate results.
Technology presents a subtler problem. Manufacturers release updated models at a relentless pace, and consumers, eager to own the latest device, discard phones and laptops that still work perfectly well. The environmental cost of producing and disposing of this equipment is considerable, yet it remains largely hidden from view. Encouraging people to repair rather than replace would therefore have a lasting, if less visible, impact.
On balance, although both areas matter, I believe that reducing food waste is the more important priority. It is something every household can act on today, without expense or inconvenience, and the cumulative effect of millions of such small decisions would be profound.
Content
Discusses two of the three points (food, technology) and gives a clear, reasoned opinion on which matters more — exactly what the task requires.Communicative Achievement
Holds a consistently formal essay register (“this essay will argue”, “On balance”) and keeps the target reader engaged throughout.Organisation
Four clear paragraphs — introduction, one per point, conclusion — linked by cohesive devices (For this reason, yet, although).Language
A range of structures and precise vocabulary (discarded, relentless, cumulative) used accurately and with control.Self-check: the four subscales
Cambridge marks every Writing answer on four subscales, each out of 5. Tick each box honestly before you send your essay — if you cannot tick one, that is where to revise.
Content
Communicative Achievement
Organisation
Language
Essay language bank
Introducing the topic
Presenting and developing an argument
Weighing up / conceding
Concluding with an opinion
Draft your essay
Send it for personal feedback
I will read your essay and return band scores on all four subscales plus specific advice. First, a quick check:
How to submit — two easy steps
1 Click the Build my submission button below. Your writing is copied for you automatically.
2 Paste it into the form below, in the box labeled “Paste your text here.” (Press Ctrl+V, or Cmd+V on a Mac.)
English Refresher · C1 Advanced Writing · Part 1: The Essay
Writing Part 2
Choose Your Task
In Part 2 you choose one task from a menu of text types. Master the conventions of each — the letter, proposal, report, and review — then draft yours and send it for feedback.
What Part 2 demands
Strategy, tips & common traps
What it tests: your ability to write for a specific reader and purpose, using the right register and conventions for the text type.
- Identify the reader and purpose first — they decide your register.
- Match the conventions: proposals and reports use headings; reviews and letters do not.
- Cover every part of the task. Missing a required point caps your Content mark.
- A proposal looks forward and persuades; a report looks at the present and informs.
- Aim for 220–260 words and keep one consistent register throughout.
The letter
An international student magazine has invited readers to write about a person who has had a positive influence on their life. The editor would like a letter describing the person and explaining the difference they have made.
Write your letter in 220–260 words.
Key features
- Semi-formal register; open and close appropriately (Dear Editor / Yours faithfully).
- Two jobs: describe the person and explain their impact on you.
- Use specific detail and an engaging, personal voice.
Show model answer (221 words)
Dear Editor,
I am writing in response to your invitation to describe someone who has shaped my life, and one person comes to mind without hesitation: my grandmother.
On the surface, she was an ordinary woman who spent most of her life running a small bookshop. What made her remarkable was her refusal to judge anyone by appearances. Customers who could not afford a book would often leave with one anyway, on the understanding that they would return it when they had finished. Watching her, I learned that generosity costs little and is rarely forgotten.
Her influence on me has been quiet but lasting. Whenever I am tempted to dismiss someone too quickly, I hear her voice reminding me that everyone is carrying a story I know nothing about. It is largely thanks to her that I chose to train as a teacher, a job in which patience and curiosity about people matter more than anything else.
She passed away three years ago, but her habits live on in mine. I still keep a shelf of books to lend to anyone who needs them, and I still try to give people the benefit of the doubt.
I hope her example might encourage your readers to consider the gentle, everyday influence they could have on those around them.
Yours faithfully,
A reader
The proposal
The principal of your college wants to improve support for students who travel long distances to attend. You have been asked to write a proposal recommending two improvements and explaining how each would help.
Write your proposal in 220–260 words.
Key features
- Formal register; clear section headings.
- Forward-looking and persuasive — you are recommending future action.
- Justify each recommendation with a concrete benefit.
Show model answer (225 words)
Introduction
This proposal outlines two measures designed to support students who commute long distances to the college. Drawing on conversations with affected students, it explains how each measure would reduce the strain of travel and help them take a full part in college life.
A more flexible timetable
Many commuting students lose several hours each week to connections and delays, time that could otherwise be spent studying or resting. I therefore recommend that, wherever possible, their classes be grouped into fewer, longer days. Concentrating teaching in this way would spare students unnecessary journeys and give them longer, more productive periods on campus. Although timetabling is undeniably complex, even a partial change would make a noticeable difference to their week.
A dedicated study space
Commuters frequently arrive early or face long gaps between lessons, yet there is currently nowhere quiet for them to work. Converting the underused room beside the library into a dedicated study area, equipped with desks, power points, and reliable wifi, would allow these students to use waiting time productively rather than wasting it in noisy corridors.
Conclusion
Taken together, these measures would send a clear message that commuting students are genuinely valued. I am confident that the benefits, in both attendance and wellbeing, would far outweigh the modest costs involved, and I would strongly urge the college to give them serious consideration.
The report
A local tourist office wants to attract more young visitors to your area. You have been asked to write a report describing what currently appeals to young people and recommending two improvements.
Write your report in 220–260 words.
Key features
- Neutral, factual register; clear headings.
- Describe the present situation, then recommend.
- Keep opinion measured and evidence-based, not emotional.
Show model answer (225 words)
Introduction
The aim of this report is to assess what our area currently offers younger visitors and to recommend two improvements that could attract more of them.
Current appeal
The area's main strength is undoubtedly its natural setting. The river path and surrounding hills are popular with younger tourists who enjoy cycling and outdoor photography, and the summer music festival draws a sizeable young crowd each year. However, this appeal is largely seasonal, concentrated into a few warm weeks, and there is little to tempt visitors back at other times of the year.
Areas for improvement
First, there is very little for young visitors to do in the evenings. A small cluster of affordable cafes and live-music venues near the river would extend their stay and encourage them to spend more in the local economy. Secondly, information about the area is surprisingly hard to find online; a simple, mobile-friendly website listing events, routes, and accommodation would reach young travelers far more effectively than the printed leaflets currently produced.
Recommendations
I recommend that the office prioritize the online guide, which is relatively inexpensive to set up, and begin discussions with local businesses about evening venues. Together, these steps would help transform a seasonal attraction into a year-round destination for young people, and would strengthen the area's reputation among the very visitors it most hopes to attract.
The review
A film website has invited readers to review a film or series that deals with an important social issue. Describe the film briefly and assess how well it handles the issue.
Write your review in 220–260 words.
Key features
- Engaging, semi-formal register with a clear personal voice.
- Balance description with evaluation — do not just summarize the plot.
- End with a clear recommendation.
Show model answer (220 words)
“A Quiet Signal”, the debut feature from director Lena Marsh, tells the story of a deaf teenager navigating her final year at a mainstream school. On paper it sounds like familiar territory, yet the film handles its subject with a rare lack of sentimentality.
What impressed me most was the decision to present long stretches almost without sound, placing the audience inside the protagonist's experience rather than merely observing it. Far from being a gimmick, this choice forces hearing viewers to confront how much they take for granted, and the effect is genuinely powerful. The young lead, a newcomer, gives a performance of remarkable subtlety, carrying scene after scene with barely a word of dialogue.
The film is not without flaws. The subplot involving the heroine's parents feels underdeveloped, and the ending ties things up a little too neatly for a story that has otherwise resisted easy answers. Even so, these are minor complaints set against the film's achievements.
Above all, “A Quiet Signal” treats its central issue as a part of life rather than a problem to be solved, and it trusts its audience to keep up. I would recommend it without hesitation to anyone who believes cinema can change the way we see the world — and especially to viewers who think they already understand what inclusion really means.
Self-check: the four subscales
Whichever task you choose, Cambridge marks it on the same four subscales, each out of 5. Tick honestly — an empty box shows you where to revise.
Content
Communicative Achievement
Organisation
Language
Draft your answer
Send it for personal feedback
I will return band scores on all four subscales plus specific advice. A quick check first:
How to submit — two easy steps
1 Choose your task above, then click the Build my submission button below. Your answer is copied for you automatically.
2 Paste it into the form below, in the box labeled “Paste your text here.” (Press Ctrl+V, or Cmd+V on a Mac.)
English Refresher · C1 Advanced Writing · Part 2