English Refresher

B2 · Upper Intermediate

The Present Perfect Continuous

Zoom in on the activity itself — show that something has been happening up to now, recently, or again and again, using have / has + been + a verb ending in -ing.

Level: B2 The activity itself Play · Practice · Score
The Grammar Transformer

Choose a subject. A form. A use.

Five subjects, three forms, three uses — 45 combinations, all present perfect continuous. Watch how have / has + been shifts with the subject and the sentence rebuilds around it.

She has been crying.
Structure:subject + have / has + been + verb-ing
An activity that has just stopped (or is still happening) has left a result you can see, hear, or feel right now — no exact time is given.

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The rules — with examples

How to build the three forms, when to use the present perfect continuous, and the words that signal it.

The three forms

Positive
subject + have / has + been + verb-ing
I have been studying French.
She has been working late.
Negative
haven’t / hasn’t + been + verb-ing
We haven’t been sleeping well.
He hasn’t been feeling great.
Question
Have / Has + subject + been + verb-ing?
Have you been waiting long? — Yes, for twenty minutes.
Has she been crying? — No, she’s just tired.

he / she / it = has. All other subjects = have. Been never changes — it always sits between have / has and the main verb, which always takes -ing.

Three reasons to use the present perfect continuous

1
Duration — started in the past, still happening now
I have been learning English for two years.   She has been living in Prague since 2019.
Signals: for + a length of time  ·  since + a starting point  ·  How long...?
2
Recent activity — the result is visible right now
You look exhausted — have you been working all night?   Her hands are covered in paint; she has been painting the fence.
Signals: usually none — the evidence itself asks the question
3
Repeated or temporary pattern — happening again and again around now
He has been arriving late a lot recently.   We have been eating out a lot this month.
Signals: lately  ·  recently  ·  this week / month  ·  a lot

Present perfect continuous vs. present perfect simple

Continuous — the activity, not the result
I have been reading that novel.
Focus on the process. It might not be finished, and no exact amount is given.
Simple — the completed result
I have read that novel.
Focus on the finished outcome — often with a specific number or amount.

The key rule: as soon as a sentence states how many or how much was achieved — four chapters, three emails, the whole book — switch to the present perfect simple. The continuous form describes the activity itself, not a countable result.

Verbs that resist the continuous

state verb
know
I have known her for years.
state verb
believe
We have always believed that.
state verb
want
She has wanted this for months.
state verb
need
They have needed help since Monday.
state verb
love / hate
He has loved jazz since college.
state verb
understand
I have understood that from the start.
state verb
seem
She has seemed tired all week.
state verb
belong
This has belonged to my family for years.

State verbs describe a state, not an action — they are almost never used in continuous forms, in any tense. Say “I have known her for ten years,” never “I have been knowing her for ten years.”

Signal words & position

Words that point to the present perfect continuous
for (+ duration)since (+ point)How long...?latelyrecentlyall day / morning / weekthis week / montha lot
Position: for and since introduce a time phrase at the end of the sentence.  Lately and recently usually go at the end too.  How long opens the question, before have / has.

Practice & score yourself

Ten questions — five multiple choice, five gap-fill. Instant scoring and a short explanation for every answer.

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The one rule to remember

Use have / has + been + verb-ing when you want to highlight the activity itself — its duration, or the evidence it has left behind — rather than a finished result. The moment you need a specific number or a completed outcome (I’ve read three chapters), switch to the present perfect simple.