English Refresher

Grammar Foundations

Small words, exact places.

Prepositions are the little words that pin everything down — where something sits, when it happens, and which way it moves. Get these right and your English lands exactly where you mean it to.

The four families

Meet the four preposition families

Almost every preposition is doing one of these four jobs. Open any card for two simple rules and eight real examples.

Two common rules

Use in for enclosed spaces, on for surfaces, and at for specific points.

Words like under, between and behind pin down the exact spot.

Eight examples

The keys are in the drawer. (enclosed space)

A painting hangs on the wall. (a surface)

She waited at the bus stop. (a specific point)

The cat is under the table. (below something)

He sat between his two friends. (in the middle of two)

There is a garden behind the house. (at the back of)

The lamp stands next to the sofa. (right beside)

We live in a small village. (inside an area)

Two common rules

Use at for clock times, on for days and dates, and in for months and years.

Use for with a length of time and since with a starting point.

Eight examples

The shop opens at nine o’clock. (a clock time)

We meet on Monday mornings. (a day)

She was born in December. (a month)

They have been married for ten years. (a length of time)

I have lived here since 2019. (a starting point)

Please finish the report by Friday. (no later than)

The museum stays open until six. (up to that moment)

We travel a lot in the summer. (a season)

Two common rules

These prepositions answer which way? — movement toward or through something.

To shows a destination, while into and onto end inside or on a surface.

Eight examples

We walked to the station. (a destination)

The train went through the tunnel. (in one end, out the other)

She ran across the field. (from side to side)

He climbed into the small boat. (to the inside)

The cat jumped onto the roof. (onto a surface)

They drove toward the mountains. (in the direction of)

She stepped out of the car. (to the outside)

The ball rolled down the hill. (from high to low)

Two common rules

Certain verbs, adjectives and nouns are always followed by one fixed preposition.

Learn the word and its preposition together: depend on, good at, afraid of.

Eight examples

Success depends on hard work. (depend + on)

She is interested in astronomy. (interested + in)

They are good at chess. (good + at)

I am afraid of spiders. (afraid + of)

Please listen to the teacher. (listen + to)

He apologized for the mistake. (apologize + for)

We are proud of our team. (proud + of)

This book belongs to Maria. (belong + to)

Prepositions at a glance
FamilyIts jobCommon examples
PlaceShows where something isin, on, at, under, between, behind
TimeShows when something happensat, on, in, for, since, by, until
MovementShows direction from place to placeto, into, onto, through, across, toward
DependencyFixed pairings after certain wordsdepend on, interested in, good at, afraid of
Self-check

Pick the right preposition

Ten quick questions — six multiple choice, four to fill in. You get instant scoring and a short explanation for every answer.

Your score
0 / 10
Answer a question to begin.