English Refresher

C2 · Proficiency

Advanced Grammar Style

The final layer of mastery: choosing structures for register, flow, and elegance — so your English is not just correct, but controlled, cohesive, and stylish.

Level: C2 Correctness made deliberate Play · Practice · Score
The Grammar Transformer

Choose a pillar. A context.

Five pillars of style, three contexts — 15 hand-built sentences. Watch register, flow, and balance turn a correct sentence into an elegant one.

The launch was unsuccessful and resulted in significant losses.
Structure:match the grammar to the context: formal ↔ informal
Formal register: single-word and Latinate vocabulary (‘unsuccessful’, ‘resulted in’), no contractions, no slang — compare ‘the launch totally bombed’.

Got the pattern? Jump to the practice →

The rules — with examples

No new grammar here — only the choices among correct options that make writing read as controlled, cohesive, and polished.

The three big dials

Register
formal ↔ informal, consistently
find out → ascertain  ·  put off → postpone
don’t → do not (formal prose)
End-weight
given → new · heavy elements last
It surprised us that nobody had checked.
She gave the committee a detailed account.
Hedging
calibrate certainty: hedge or boost
The results appear to suggest a link.
It could be argued that the policy failed.

Consistency beats formality. One chatty contraction in a formal report — “the policy didn’t work and it’s a big problem” — breaks the register of the whole page. Pick the level, then hold it.

Three habits of polished writers

1
Substitute — never repeat what the reader just read
“Will it work?” — “I hope so.”   He said he would help, and he did so.
Toolkit: so / not  ·  do so  ·  one / ones  ·  bare auxiliary
2
Balance — parallel forms and correlatives
creativity, patience, and resilience   Not only does it save time, but it also cuts costs.
Pairs: not only…but also  ·  both…and  ·  either…or  ·  the former…the latter
3
Connect — cohesive devices that carry ideas forward
Sales fell sharply. This decline forced a rethink.   …prices rose, which alarmed investors.
Devices: this / such + noun  ·  summarizing which  ·  nominalization as the next subject

Flat vs. polished — side by side

Flat — correct but choppy
We looked at the data. The data showed sales went up. This was good.
Every sentence restarts from zero; the repeated noun and vague ‘this’ go nowhere.
Polished — dense and cohesive
Analysis of the data revealed a rise in sales — a welcome development.
Nominalization, one flowing sentence, and an appositive comment in place of ‘This was good’.

End-weight in one move: a heavy clause makes a clumsy subject. “That nobody noticed the error for weeks was surprising” → “It was surprising that nobody noticed the error for weeks.” Dummy it up front, weight at the end.

Register swaps — phrasal to formal

find out
ascertain
We ascertained the cause.
put off
postpone
The meeting was postponed.
ask for
request
Please request access in writing.
look into
investigate
The board will investigate the claim.
set up
establish
A fund was established in 2020.
go up
increase
Costs increased by 12 percent.
deal with
address
The report addresses both risks.
get in touch
contact
Please contact our office.

Formal is not always better. In conversation, the phrasal verb is the natural choice — “We’ll find out” beats “We shall ascertain” at the dinner table. The C2 skill is switching deliberately, not maximizing formality.

The certainty dial — hedges and boosters

Language for calibrating how sure you sound
may / mightappear toseem totend tosuggest / indicatearguablyto some extentit could be argued thatclearly (booster)undoubtedly (booster)
The dial: “This proves…” → “This suggests…” → “This may indicate…”. Overclaiming reads as naive; overhedging reads as evasive. Skilled writers move the dial on purpose — and examiners reward it.

Practice & score yourself

Ten questions — five multiple choice, five gap-fill. Instant scoring and a short explanation for every answer.

Your score
0 / 10
Answer a question to begin.

The one rule to remember

At C2, every correct sentence still poses a choice. Before you settle, ask: does this fit the register, does the new information land at the end, and have I avoided needless repetition? Style is simply correctness made deliberate.