B2 First · Reading · Module 2, Lesson 2

Part 6: Gapped Text

One long text, six sentences removed, seven to choose from. The examiners are testing whether you can follow the logic between sentences — not just whether you understand the general topic.

6 gaps 2 marks each (12 total) 14–15 min target 7 sentences, one extra
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What this part really tests

Part 6 removes six sentences from a longer text and gives you seven to put back — one extra sentence fits nowhere. This is a test of cohesion: pronouns, linking words, and logical flow that connect one sentence to the next. Every correct sentence fits the gap on both sides, not just the general topic.

The examiner's method

  1. Read the whole base text first, ignoring the gaps, so you understand the overall shape of the argument.
  2. At each gap, look at what comes immediately before and after it. The missing sentence must connect to both.
  3. Track pronouns and referencing words — "it," "this," "these," "either way" — in both the text and the options. They must point to something specific nearby.
  4. Watch for logic markers like "however," "in other cases," or "for this reason" — they signal a shift, contrast, or continuation.
  5. Fill the gaps you're confident about first, then use elimination for the rest.
  6. One option never fits anywhere. Don't force it into a gap out of desperation — if it doesn't match on both sides, it's the extra.

Traps that cost marks

Pronoun mismatch
A sentence "sounds right" for the topic, but its pronoun doesn't match anything nearby.
Topic drift
The sentence is about the right general subject, but doesn't link to the exact idea just before or after it.
The lonely extra
One option is written to sound plausible on its own, but fits no gap once you check the cohesion on both sides.
Number mismatch
"This" versus "these," or singular versus plural, is often the exact clue that rules a sentence out.
Missing reason
A following sentence starts with "That is why..." or "For this reason..." — the gap must supply the reason, not just a related fact.
First-glance answer
Choosing a sentence because it "sounds good" for the topic, without actually checking the specific link words either side.

Worked example

"...specialized white blood cells called B cells begin producing antibodies, proteins shaped precisely to lock onto that antigen and disable it. ___ That is why the first days of a brand-new infection often feel the worst."

A Every unnecessary dose gives bacteria a chance to evolve ways of surviving a drug. B Producing enough of these antibodies to fully control a new infection can take several days, since the process starts from almost nothing. C A well-rested body generally produces antibodies more efficiently than one under chronic stress.
  1. Look at what follows the gap: "That is why the first days... feel the worst." This needs a reason for why early days are the worst.
  2. Option A is about antibiotic resistance — the wrong topic entirely, a sign it belongs to a different text.
  3. Option C is a true-sounding fact about rest, but it doesn't explain why the first days specifically are the worst — there's no time-based link.
  4. Option B directly explains the delay ("can take several days... starts from almost nothing"), which is exactly the reason the next sentence needs.
  5. Answer: B.
Try

Micro-trainer — a shorter gapped text

Four gaps, five sentences to choose from (one is extra). Pick the sentence that fits each gap on both sides.

Why Antibiotics Don't Work on Colds

Every winter, doctors' offices fill up with people hoping a prescription will cure their cold in a day or two. (1) Antibiotics are designed to kill bacteria, or stop them multiplying, by targeting structures like bacterial cell walls that human cells simply don't have.

(2) Because a virus has neither a cell wall to attack nor its own metabolism to disrupt, an antibiotic has nothing to act on — the drug passes through the body without touching the infection at all.

Taking antibiotics for a viral illness does not just fail to help; it can also cause real harm. (3) Doctors call this problem antibiotic resistance, and consider it one of the most serious challenges facing modern medicine.

(4) Resting, drinking fluids, and giving the illness time to run its course usually works better for a cold than a prescription ever could.

Sentences A–E (one does not fit anywhere)

A A fever is generally a sign that the immune system is actively fighting an infection, rather than a problem in itself.
B Viruses, however, are built completely differently, and reproduce by hijacking a host's own cells rather than dividing on their own.
C None of this means a cold cannot be treated — it simply means the right treatment looks different from a bacterial infection.
D The trouble is, the common cold is almost always caused by a virus, not by bacteria.
E Every unnecessary dose gives ordinary bacteria in the body a chance to evolve ways of surviving the drug, making future infections harder to treat.
Try score: 0 / 4
Ready for the real thing? Scroll down to Apply — a brand new full-length text in exact exam format, against the clock.
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Exam-format practice

A new full-length text, official Part 6 format: 6 gaps, 7 sentences. Aim to finish before the timer runs out.

15:00

How Vaccines Train the Immune System

The human immune system is often compared to a security force that patrols the body, looking out for anything unfamiliar. (1) When a new pathogen — a virus or bacterium the body has never encountered before — slips past the body's outer defenses, immune cells begin searching for specific markers on its surface, called antigens, that mark it as a threat.

Once an antigen is detected, specialized white blood cells called B cells begin producing antibodies, proteins shaped precisely to lock onto that antigen and disable it. (2) That is why the first days of a brand-new infection often feel the worst, before the body has built up enough of a defense to bring it under control.

What makes the immune system remarkable, though, is that it does not forget an enemy once it has defeated one. (3) The next time that same pathogen appears, these cells recognize it immediately and mount a faster, stronger response, often before symptoms have any chance to develop at all.

Vaccines work by giving the immune system this same training experience without the risk of the actual disease. (4) Either way, the immune system responds as though it were facing the real pathogen, produces antibodies, and — crucially — builds the same lasting memory cells that a genuine infection would leave behind.

This protective effect reaches beyond any one vaccinated person. (5) Newborn babies, people with weakened immune systems, and others who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons all benefit from this protection, even though they never received the vaccine themselves.

Some vaccines require more than one dose, or a booster months or years later, to keep this protection strong. (6) In other cases, such as with the seasonal flu, the virus itself changes slightly from year to year, so last year's immune memory offers only limited protection against this year's version.

Whichever the reason, the underlying idea stays the same: a vaccine does not fight a disease directly. It simply gives the immune system a low-risk rehearsal for a battle it might otherwise have to learn to win the hard way.

Sentences A–G (one does not fit anywhere)

A A well-rested body generally produces antibodies more efficiently than one under chronic stress, though researchers are still investigating exactly why.
B They may contain a weakened or inactivated version of the pathogen, or, in newer vaccines, only a harmless fragment of it, such as a single protein.
C It relies on a huge network of specialized cells that can tell the body's own healthy tissue apart from anything foreign.
D In some cases, this is simply because antibody levels naturally decline over time, even though memory cells remain ready to respond.
E After an infection has been cleared, some of the B cells involved convert into long-lived memory cells that can remain in the body for years, sometimes decades.
F When enough people in a community are vaccinated, a pathogen struggles to find a new host and spread, a phenomenon known as herd immunity.
G Producing enough of these antibodies to fully control a new infection can take several days, since the process starts from almost nothing.

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