Here are some common ways to express contrasting ideas in grammar:

Conjunctions: Conjunctions are words that connect different parts of a sentence or ideas. Using contrasting conjunctions can emphasize differences. Common contrasting conjunctions include:

• • but: e.g., “She is diligent, but he is lazy.”
  • yet: e.g., “The weather is warm, yet the wind is cold.”
  • although / though: e.g., “Although she is tired, she keeps working.”
  • while: e.g., “He likes to read, while she prefers to watch TV.”

Comparative Structures: These structures compare two different elements, highlighting the contrast between them.

• • Comparative Adjectives: e.g., “She is tall, but he is short.”
  • Comparative Adverbs: e.g., “She works quickly, while he works slowly.”
  • Comparative Constructions: e.g., “The company’s profits increased, whereas their expenses decreased.”

Antonyms: Using words with opposite meanings can immediately establish a contrast.

• • e.g., “The movie was exciting, but the book was boring.”

Parallelism and Contrast: Using parallel structures to present contrasting ideas side by side.

1. • e.g., “She likes hiking, but he prefers swimming.”

Emphasis through Word Order: Placing contrasting elements next to each other in a sentence can emphasize the difference.

• • e.g., “In the daytime, it’s hot; at night, it’s cold.”

Subordinating Clauses: Using subordinating clauses to introduce a contrasting idea.

• • e.g., “Even though he is wealthy, he lives modestly.”

Rhetorical Devices: Rhetorical devices like oxymorons or paradoxes can create a strong contrast.

• • e.g., “The silence was deafening.”

Negation: Sometimes, the negation of one idea highlights the contrast with another.

• • e.g., “She doesn’t like spicy food, but he loves it.”