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C2 Proficiency Module 2: Reading and Use of English

Lesson 1: Multiple Choice Cloze

Tips and Strategies for Filling in Gaps

  1. Understand the Context:
    • Read the Entire Text First: Skim through the entire text to get a general idea of the topic and context before focusing on the gaps. This will help you understand the overall meaning and flow of the text.
  2. Identify the Part of Speech:
    • Look at the Gap: Determine what part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb) is missing in each gap. This can often be inferred from the surrounding words and the structure of the sentence.
  3. Collocations and Fixed Phrases:
    • Recognize Common Collocations: Familiarize yourself with common collocations (words that often go together) and fixed phrases. These are often tested in Multiple Choice Cloze tasks.
  4. Consider Synonyms and Paraphrasing:
    • Think of Synonyms: Consider whether a synonym of the options given would fit logically into the gap. This can help you choose the correct word if you’re familiar with its meaning and usage.
  5. Context Clues:
    • Use Contextual Information: Look for clues in the surrounding sentences and paragraphs to help you understand the correct meaning and usage of the word that fits in the gap.
  6. Grammar and Sentence Structure:
    • Check for Grammatical Fit: Ensure the word you choose fits grammatically with the rest of the sentence. Pay attention to verb tenses, prepositions, and conjunctions that may affect your choice.
  7. Process of Elimination:
    • Eliminate Wrong Answers: Use the process of elimination to discard options that are clearly incorrect. This increases your chances of selecting the correct answer from the remaining options.
  8. Practice Regularly:
    • Frequent Practice: Regular practice with Multiple Choice Cloze exercises can help you become more familiar with the format and improve your skills in identifying the correct answers.

Practice

Instructions: Read the text below and choose the correct word (A, B, C, or D) to fill each gap.


Text: The rise of digital technology has (1) _____ a profound impact on almost every aspect of modern life. From the way we communicate to how we work, digital innovations have transformed society. One of the most significant changes has been the (2) _____ of the internet. This vast network has connected people across the globe, (3) _____ unprecedented access to information and communication tools.

 

However, while the internet has brought numerous benefits, it has also (4) _____ new challenges. Cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, and the (5) _____ of digital addiction are just a few of the issues that have emerged. As a result, there is a growing need for regulations and policies to (6) _____ the safe and ethical use of digital technologies.

 

Moreover, the digital divide remains a critical issue. Although internet access has expanded significantly, there are still many regions and communities that (7) _____ the infrastructure needed to participate fully in the digital age. Addressing this divide is essential to ensure that the benefits of digital technology are (8) _____ shared by all.

C2 Proficiency Multiple Choice Cloze 1

Part 2: Open Cloze

Instructions: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.


Text: The importance of education cannot be overstated. It is (1) _____ key to personal and societal development. Education not only provides individuals (2) _____ the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in life but also plays a crucial role (3) _____ promoting social cohesion and economic growth.

One of the primary benefits of education is that it empowers people to achieve their full potential. With a solid education, individuals are better equipped to (4) _____ informed decisions, solve problems, and adapt to changing circumstances. This is particularly important in today’s rapidly evolving world, (5) _____ new technologies and industries are constantly emerging.

Education also has a significant impact on health and well-being. Studies have shown that people (6) _____ higher levels of education tend to live longer, healthier lives. They are more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors, (7) _____ as exercising regularly and eating a balanced diet.

Furthermore, education promotes social mobility by providing opportunities (8) _____ individuals to improve their socio-economic status. It helps break the cycle of poverty by opening doors to better job prospects and higher incomes.

  1. the
  2. with
  3. in
  4. make
  5. where
  6. with
  7. such
  8. for

Part 3: Word Formation

Instructions: Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.


Text: The rapid (1) ____________ of technology has dramatically transformed the way we live and work. DEVELOP


Many industries have undergone significant (2) ____________ as a result of these technological advancements. CHANGE


However, with the rise of automation and artificial intelligence, there is growing (3) ____________ about the future of employment. CONCERN


While some argue that these technologies will create new job opportunities, others believe they will lead to widespread (4) ____________. REDUNDANT


Regardless of the outcome, it is clear that the workforce of the future will need to be highly (5) ____________ and adaptable. SKILL


Education systems must evolve to meet these needs, focusing on developing critical thinking, problem-solving, and (6) ____________ skills. INNOVATE


Additionally, lifelong learning will become increasingly important, as workers will need to continually update their knowledge and (7) ____________. COMPETENT


In conclusion, while technological (8) ____________ presents challenges, it also offers opportunities for those who are prepared to embrace change. ADVANCE

  1. development
  2. changes
  3. concern
  4. redundancy
  5. skilled
  6. innovative
  7. competence

advancement

Part 4: Key Word Transformations

Instructions: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.


Questions:

  1. I haven’t seen her for over a year.
    SEEN
    It ____________ I last saw her.
  2. They had just started the meeting when she arrived.
    HARDLY
    They ____________ the meeting when she arrived.
  3. “You broke my phone,” she said to him.
    ACCUSED
    She ____________ her phone.
  4. It’s not necessary for you to bring anything to the party.
    NEED
    You ____________ bring anything to the party.
  5. I regret not telling her the truth.
    WISH
    I ____________ her the truth.
  6. John only left the house after it stopped raining.
    UNTIL
    John did not leave the house ____________ raining.
  7. The manager didn’t explain the reason for the delay.
    NO
    The manager gave ____________ the reason for the delay.
  8. My brother and I are very similar.
    ALOT
    My brother ____________ common.
  1. has been over a year since
  2. had hardly started
  3. accused him of breaking
  4. need not
  5. wish I had told
  6. until it stopped
  7. no explanation for
  8. and I have a lot in

Part 5: Multiple Choice

Instructions: Read the text below and answer the multiple-choice questions that follow. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C, or D) for each question.


Text: In recent years, the concept of “minimalism” has gained significant popularity, particularly in Western cultures. Minimalism is a lifestyle that emphasizes the removal of excess items and focuses on living with only the essentials. Proponents argue that this way of life can lead to greater happiness and fulfillment by reducing stress and creating more time for meaningful activities.


One of the key benefits of minimalism is that it encourages people to evaluate their possessions and eliminate those that do not add value to their lives. This can result in a less cluttered living space, which in turn can lead to a clearer mind and improved mental well-being. For instance, studies have shown that individuals who live in organized environments tend to experience lower levels of anxiety and depression.


Moreover, minimalism can have a positive impact on financial health. By reducing the desire to purchase unnecessary items, individuals can save money and reduce debt. This financial freedom can allow people to invest in experiences rather than things, which many minimalists believe leads to a more fulfilling life. For example, spending money on travel or education can provide lasting memories and personal growth, whereas material possessions often lose their appeal over time.


Critics of minimalism, however, argue that the movement can be overly restrictive and may not be practical for everyone. They point out that certain aspects of life, such as raising children or pursuing hobbies, may require a significant number of items that minimalists might deem unnecessary. Additionally, the pressure to adhere to a minimalist lifestyle can sometimes lead to feelings of guilt or inadequacy when one inevitably accumulates belongings.


Despite these criticisms, minimalism continues to attract followers who seek a simpler, more intentional way of living. Whether or not it is the right choice for everyone, the principles of minimalism—focusing on what truly matters and eliminating excess—offer valuable insights into how to lead a more balanced and contented life.


Questions:

  1. What is the main purpose of the text?
    • (A) To criticize the minimalist lifestyle
    • (B) To explain the benefits and drawbacks of minimalism
    • (C) To provide a history of the minimalist movement
    • (D) To argue that minimalism is the best way to live
  2. According to the text, how can minimalism benefit mental well-being?
    • (A) By encouraging social interactions
    • (B) By reducing the number of possessions
    • (C) By promoting physical exercise
    • (D) By increasing financial wealth
  3. What is one financial benefit of adopting a minimalist lifestyle mentioned in the text?
    • (A) Higher income
    • (B) Lower taxes
    • (C) Reduced debt
    • (D) Increased property value
  4. What is one criticism of minimalism mentioned in the text?
    • (A) It is too expensive to maintain
    • (B) It is not environmentally friendly
    • (C) It can be overly restrictive
    • (D) It encourages hoarding
  5. What does the text suggest about spending money on experiences rather than possessions?
    • (A) Experiences often lead to regret
    • (B) Experiences provide more lasting satisfaction
    • (C) Possessions are more valuable in the long run
    • (D) Possessions can help build personal relationships
  1. (B) To explain the benefits and drawbacks of minimalism
  2. (B) By reducing the number of possessions
  3. (C) Reduced debt
  4. (C) It can be overly restrictive
  5. (B) Experiences provide more lasting satisfaction

Part 6: Gapped Text

Instructions: You are going to read an article in which six sentences have been removed. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.


Text: The increasing popularity of urban gardening is a testament to people’s growing awareness of the environment and their desire to live more sustainably. Urban gardening refers to the practice of cultivating food in a city or town setting. This movement has gained momentum for several reasons, one of which is the numerous benefits it offers.

(1) __________. For many city dwellers, access to fresh, locally-grown produce is limited. By growing their own vegetables and fruits, urban gardeners can ensure they have a consistent supply of fresh produce, often superior in quality to what is available in stores.


In addition to the health benefits, urban gardening can have significant environmental impacts. (2) __________. Gardens can help reduce the urban heat island effect, lower carbon footprints, and promote biodiversity. By creating green spaces, urban gardens also improve air quality and provide habitats for pollinators such as bees and butterflies.


Urban gardening also fosters a sense of community. (3) __________. These spaces often become hubs of social interaction where people from different backgrounds come together, share knowledge, and support one another. This can lead to stronger neighborhood ties and a greater sense of belonging among residents.


Moreover, urban gardening can have educational benefits. (4) __________. Schools and community centers that incorporate gardening into their programs provide hands-on learning opportunities. Students and participants can learn about biology, ecology, and sustainable practices in a practical and engaging way.


Despite these advantages, urban gardening is not without its challenges. (5) __________. Soil contamination, limited space, and lack of knowledge can all pose significant barriers. However, with the right strategies and support, these challenges can be overcome. Initiatives such as raised bed gardening, container gardening, and community education programs have proven effective.


The future of urban gardening looks promising as more people recognize its value. (6) __________. Governments, non-profits, and private organizations are increasingly investing in urban gardening projects, creating more opportunities for people to participate and benefit from this movement.


Sentences:

  1. A) Urban gardening addresses one of the most pressing concerns of modern city life: food security.
  2. B) The benefits of growing food in an urban environment extend beyond just personal consumption.
  3. C) These gardens can transform unused spaces into productive areas.
  4. D) Many urban gardening projects face logistical and practical difficulties.
  5. E) Urban gardens are often established on vacant lots, rooftops, and balconies.
  6. F) It provides an excellent platform for educating people about sustainable living.
  7. G) With increased support and resources, urban gardening has the potential to become a widespread practice.
  1. A. Urban gardening addresses one of the most pressing concerns of modern city life: food security.
  2. B. The benefits of growing food in an urban environment extend beyond just personal consumption.
  3. C. These gardens can transform unused spaces into productive areas.
  4. F. It provides an excellent platform for educating people about sustainable living.
  5. D. Many urban gardening projects face logistical and practical difficulties.
  6. G. With increased support and resources, urban gardening has the potential to become a widespread practice.

Part 7: Multiple Matching

Instructions: You are going to read a magazine article about various approaches to healthy living. For questions 1-10, choose from the sections (A-E). The sections may be chosen more than once.


Text:

  1. The Vegan Diet The vegan diet excludes all animal products, including meat, dairy, and eggs. Proponents of veganism argue that it offers numerous health benefits, such as lower cholesterol levels and reduced risk of heart disease. Additionally, many vegans choose this diet for ethical reasons, believing that it is more humane and environmentally sustainable.
  2. The Mediterranean Diet The Mediterranean diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, such as olive oil. It includes moderate amounts of fish and poultry, but red meat is consumed sparingly. This diet has been linked to numerous health benefits, including a lower risk of heart disease, improved cognitive function, and greater longevity.
  3. The Paleo Diet The Paleo diet, also known as the caveman diet, is based on the premise that modern humans should eat the same foods that our hunter-gatherer ancestors did. This means a focus on lean meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, while avoiding processed foods, grains, and dairy. Advocates claim that this diet can lead to weight loss, improved health markers, and increased energy levels.
  4. The Ketogenic Diet The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that aims to induce a state of ketosis, where the body burns fat for fuel instead of carbohydrates. This diet includes foods such as meat, fish, eggs, butter, oils, and non-starchy vegetables. Studies suggest that the ketogenic diet can help with weight loss, improve blood sugar control, and increase mental clarity.
  5. The Flexitarian Diet The flexitarian diet is primarily plant-based but allows for occasional meat and animal product consumption. It emphasizes flexibility and encourages people to reduce their meat intake without completely eliminating it. This diet is associated with various health benefits, such as improved heart health, weight loss, and a lower risk of diabetes.

Questions:

  1. Which diet strictly avoids all animal products?
  2. Which diet is associated with a lower risk of diabetes?
  3. Which diet emphasizes foods that might have been eaten by early humans?
  4. Which diet is known for including olive oil as a staple ingredient?
  5. Which diet allows occasional consumption of meat?
  6. Which diet focuses on achieving a state where the body burns fat for fuel?
  7. Which diet is linked to improved cognitive function?
  8. Which diet is based on ethical considerations as well as health benefits?
  9. Which diet includes non-starchy vegetables as a key component?
  10. Which diet promotes the consumption of whole grains?
  1. A. The Vegan Diet
  2. E. The Flexitarian Diet
  3. C. The Paleo Diet
  4. B. The Mediterranean Diet
  5. E. The Flexitarian Diet
  6. D. The Ketogenic Diet
  7. B. The Mediterranean Diet
  8. A. The Vegan Diet
  9. D. The Ketogenic Diet
  10. B. The Mediterranean Diet