Science and Technology

• Hypothesis: A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, to be tested through experimentation.
• Empirical: Based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
• Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
• Algorithm: A set of rules or steps to solve a problem or complete a process, often used in computing.
• Sustainability: The ability to maintain or support a process or system over the long term.

Mathematics

• Exponential: A mathematical function that grows at a consistent rate, proportional to its current value.
• Derivative: A measure of how a function changes as its input changes, used in calculus.
• Theorem: A statement that has been proven to be true through a structured argument.
• Vector: A quantity that has both magnitude and direction, often represented as an arrow in physics and engineering.
• Integral: A fundamental concept in calculus, representing the area under a curve.

Literature and Language

• Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
• Syntax: The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
• Semantics: The study of meaning in language, focusing on the relationship between signifiers and what they signify.
• Alliteration: The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.
• Narrative: A spoken or written account of connected events; a story.

Social Sciences

• Demographics: Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
• Ethnography: The systematic study of people and cultures, often involving immersive observation.
• Cognition: The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
• Bureaucracy: A system of government or business that has many complicated rules and ways of doing things.
• Stratification: The arrangement or classification of something into different groups, often used in sociology.

Economics

• Monetary Policy: The process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate.
• Elasticity: A measure of a variable’s sensitivity to a change in another variable, commonly used in economics.
• Equilibrium: A state where supply equals demand, and the market is in balance.
• Marginal: Referring to the additional or incremental changes in economic variables.
• Capital: Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization for the purpose of investing or starting a business.

Law and Politics

• Jurisdiction: The official power to make legal decisions and judgments.
• Legislation: The process of making or enacting laws.
• Sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
• Litigation: The process of taking legal action; the act or process of bringing or contesting a lawsuit.
• Constitutional: Relating to an established set of principles governing a state, typically set out in a constitution.

Medicine and Health

• Pathogen: A bacterium, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease.
• Prognosis: The likely course of a disease or ailment.
• Epidemiology: The branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases.
• Symptomatology: The study of symptoms of diseases.
• Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.

Philosophy

• Epistemology: The branch of philosophy that studies the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge.
• Ontology: The branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being.
• Ethics: Moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity.
• Dualism: The division of something conceptually into two opposed or contrasted aspects, or the state of being so divided.
• Dialectic: The art of investigating or discussing the truth of opinions; the logical argumentation method.

Engineering

• Kinematics: The study of motion without considering its causes.
• Load-bearing: Capable of supporting a load, often used in construction and engineering contexts.
• Resonance: The phenomenon of increased amplitude that occurs when the frequency of a periodically applied force is equal or close to a natural frequency of the system.
• Tensile Strength: The resistance of a material to breaking under tension.
• Thermodynamics: The branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy.

Art and Design

• Composition: The placement or arrangement of visual elements in a work of art.
• Aesthetic: Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
• Perspective: The technique used to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface.
• Minimalism: A style or technique characterized by extreme spareness and simplicity.
• Chiaroscuro: The use of strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures.